Needs analysis is a relevant issue in language teaching as its final aim is to enhance the language learning process by setting realistic course objectives. This paper briefly reviews past and present approaches to the concept of “needs” and “needs analysis” in foreign language (FL) methodology with particular reference to the higher education context and the post-Bologna reform. It discusses the complex interplay of addressing target and learning FL needs by gathering data from different stakeholder groups and making use of different data collection instruments. Then, it explores current trends in needs analysis research and explains how “competences” and “profiling” have surpassed “needs” and “needs analysis” in the educational systems under the European Space of Higher Education. Last, this study addresses the implications of adopting a more critical, quality-driven approach to FL needs analysis with a view to attaining a more participatory and accountable higher education.

This paper explores the ways in which “interculturality” can be embedded in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom and presents a project developed within a “Shipping Business English” course whose ultimate aim is to provide students with opportunities for gaining awareness across cultures at the same time English is used as the means of communication and language is integrated with content. Conclusions point at the new role of ESP teachers as “intercultural brokers” and prove that ESP classrooms provide a suitable context to explore foreign cultures by bringing them in line with each student’s home culture and the specific contents of the ESP course. 

Peer reviewing is an essential procedure in the publication of research so that the eventual acceptance or rejection of a proposed submission to a journal ultimately depends on the outcome of the assessment and the reviewers’ decision in their reports. As experts in a particular field, reviewers tend to focus their praise and criticism on the content of the submission; however, comments on the use of the language are also provided because fails in the use of language very often lead to fails in communicating research findings successfully. This paper examines the peer reviews from 119 contributions by Anglophone and non-Anglophone scholars to an English-medium journal and discusses the nature of the praise and criticism contained in such peer review reports with particular attention to the outcome of the review and the types of linguistic infelicities found in the manuscripts. Conclusions aim at gaining a clearer understanding of the research writing process and, more particularly, of the role that English language use plays in the final acceptance or rejection of a research article submitted for publication in international journals.

The examination of language and learning needs (i.e.“needs analysis” or “needs assessment”) within the realm of language teaching has been the object of a significant number of studies. As some review papers attest, these have been particularly prolific in the contexts of English as a Foreign and Second Language (Long, 2005; Brown, 2009), English for Specific Purposes (Flowerdew, 2013), and English for Academic Purposes (Bocanegra-Valle, in press). Needs Analysis for Language Course Design. A Holistic Approachis, however, a publication of a rather different nature as it provides a detailed explanation of how needs may be assessed in modern enterprises and organizationsand bridges the gap between the theory of needs analysis and its practical application when teaching or learning languages for professional purposes.

This paper studies how shipping forecasts are constructed and shaped. A pilot corpus of ten shipping forecasts issued by the Met Office, on behalf of the maritime and Coastguard Agency, and broadcast by BBC Radio 4 has been collected for this purpose and examined in terms of its rhetorical structure. Adopting a genre-centred approach and making use of Swales’s (1990) terminology, shipping forecasts are analysed and structured into a number of moves and steps. Findings are expected to help linguist researchers to gain knowledge of the textual organisation of shipping forecasts as a very particular type of oral discourse within the professions, and also, to provide maritime English teachers with genre-based tools that may contribute to enhance their teaching practices in maritime English classrooms.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar un panorama histórico del nacimiento y la evolución de la terminología en la comunidad andaluza tanto desde la docencia como desde la investigación. Dado que siempre se ha asociado esta disciplina con los estudios de traducción, la propuesta aquí presentada aborda, por primera vez, cómo se ha desarrollado científicamente la terminología desde la lingüística.

Linguistics and terminological research in Andalusia The purpose of this paper is to present a historical overview of the origin and development of the field of terminology in the Andalusia Region with respect to both teaching and research. Since this field has always been associated with translation studies, here we consider for the first time how terminology has developed scientifically from the sphere of linguistics.

Partiendo de una serie de distinciones básicas en el análisis semántico, tanto de carácter teórico (como la inadecuada contraposición entre forma/significado) como metodológico (la diferenciación entre una semántica de formas materiales o desde el significante y una semántica de formas de contenido o desde el significado) y terminológico‐conceptual (relaciones en semántica vs. relaciones semánticas o relaciones “significativas” vs. relaciones semánticas), el presente trabajo tiene, como objetivo principal, el establecimiento de un conjunto de criterios, relacionados con el nivel de análisis lingüístico en el que operemos y el/los componente(s) del signo lingüístico que tomemos como punto de partida, para el estudio y clasificación de los tipos de relaciones en semántica.

Starting from a series of basic distinctions in semantic analysis, both theoretical (such as the inadequate counterposition between form/meaning), and methodological (the differentiation between material form semantics or from the signifier and content form semantics or from the signified) as well as terminologico‐ conceptual (relationships in semantics vs. semantic  relationships or “significative” relationships vs. semantic relationships), this article has the main aim of establishing a set of criteria, related, above all, to the level of linguistic analysis on which we operate and the component or components of the linguistic sign that is taken as a starting point, for the study and classification of the types of relationships in semantics.

Partiendo de la clara distinción, existente en la actualidad, entre la lexicología tradicional y la moderna semántica léxica, gracias al establecimiento de contenidos nuevos que se han incorporado teóricamente a la disciplina, algunos de los cuales han adquirido autonomía propia en el marco de las disciplinas semánticas de la lingüística, como la formación de palabras, la neología, la fraseología o la terminología, la presente contribución traza panorámicamente estos nuevos caminos de la actual semántica léxica con objeto de situar, de manera específica, la terminología y la terminografía entre estas perspectivas recientes de la disciplina. En este ámbito, se enmarca la elaboración de investigaciones como el léxico terminográfico que pretendemos elaborar sobre los usos terminológicos vinculados a los nuevos contenidos y orientaciones actuales de la semántica léxica, puesto que en los repertorios existentes no se refleja la constatada creación de innumerables tecnicismos, conceptos semánticos de esos recientes contenidos y perspectivas léxicas y acepciones terminológicas distintas de términos relacionados con la disciplina. Dado que hasta la fecha no ha aparecido una obra de similares características sobre una parcela, hoy central, en las investigaciones lingüísticas, se impone la necesidad de una obra lexicográfica que recoja las distintas acepciones terminológicas de sus diferentes términos. Su novedad más relevante es que se trata de un repertorio de usos terminológicos, cuyo objetivo principal es aclarar el sentido en que empleamos los términos y definir éstos según una adecuada caracterización de sus distintas acepciones terminológicas, las cuales corresponderán a entradas léxicas independientes que irán acompañadas de un contexto representativo de cada uso técnico especializado.

El amplio desarrollo actual de la semántica ha posibilitado que un conjunto de contenidos relacionados con la formación de palabras, la variación, la terminología, la neología aplicada, la fraseología y las relaciones entre léxico y sintaxis se hayan integrado plenamente en la moderna semántica léxica, que hoy tiene por objetivos centrales de su investigación aspectos no planteados en la lexicología más tradicional.

In this chapter, we argue that identifying the types of pragmatic knowledge required at different levels of language proficiency is desirable. Our main objective is to identify which items related to pragmatic knowledge appear at different stages of language learning. In a pilot study, we compiled a corpus of 100 English essays written in English by Spanish learners of English, 50 being at a B1 level of proficiency, and the other 50 at a B2 level of proficiency. Our aim was to test whether the use of corpora of spontaneously produced speech/writing could help to identify what pragmatic knowledge is associated with different stages of second language learning, focusing specifically on language learners’ use of hedges. The essays were processed manually and five raters were involved in the tagging process to identify the use of the hedges associated with B1 and B2 levels of language proficiency. The findings suggest that the use of hedges did in fact differ according to the students’ level of proficiency. We concluded that the students’ communicative effectiveness was in part associated with their use of hedges. Consequently, we believe instruction should focus on activities which raise metadiscoursive awareness in order to support the acquisition of these discourse devices. We suggest that a list of the hedges associated with the different levels of second language learning be created, using 208 Chapter Nine authentic corpora for this purpose, in order to assist teachers and learners in the improvement of pragmatic competence in written discourse.

Desde inicios de siglo hay investigaciones que demuestran la tardía institucionalización de la Comunicación para el Desarrollo y el Cambio Social (CDCS) en España. Este artículo aborda el estudio bibliométrico del campo, analizando las diez principales revistas de Comunicación publicadas entre 2000 y 2012. Las preguntas de investigación que orientan este trabajo son: ¿qué incidencia tiene la CDCS? ¿Hay correspondencia entre el auge del campo y el número de artículos? ¿Qué revistas y autores han publicado? Los resultados apuntan a una presencia marginal en el periodo estudiado, y a un relativo aumento, coincidiendo con la institucionalización del campo en España.

Since the beginning of the century there is research showing late institutionalization of Communication for Development and Social Change (CDSC) in Spain. This article discusses the bibliometric study of the field, analyzing the top ten magazines of Communication (2000-2012) coincided with the institutionalization of the field in Spain. The research questions are: What impact has the CDSC? Is there a correlation between the rise of the field and the number of items? What magazines and authors have published? The results point to a marginal presence in the period studied, and a relative increase, coinciding with the institutionalization of the field in Spain.

One of the main factors affected by the Bologna process is related with internationalization of Universities in terms of teaching. The need of internationalization constitutes an opportunity, as well as a challenge, to change the teaching programs and to promote the inclusion of activities in a bilingual context, in which English is incorporated as a lingua franca in Higher Education. The University of Cadiz and in particular, the Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences is doing an effort to insert activities in English in the teaching programs of the degrees of Marine Science and Environmental Science.

Among factors that underlie high rates of non-participation reported in telehealth interventions are the low older users’ acceptance of information technologies and the low levels of non-compliance with therapy of chronic patients. Therefore, inclusion of potential users into design stages of assistive technologies is challenging. In this paper, the design, implementation and evaluation of a multimodal mobile application for telemonitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented. The goal of the study was to assess the usability and feasibility of the designed tool.

Collaboration between patients and their medical and technical experts enabled the development of an automated questionnaire for the early detection of COPD exacerbations (AQCE). The questionnaire consisted of fourteen questions and was implemented on a computer system for use by patients at home in an un-supervised environment. Psychometric evaluation was conducted after a 6-month field trial. Fifty-two patients were involved in the development of the questionnaire. Reproducibility was studied using 19 patients (ICC = 0.94). Sixteen out of the 19 subjects started the 6 month-field trial with the computer application. Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81 was achieved. In the concurrent validity analysis, a correlation of 0.80 (p = 0.002) with the CCQ was reported. The results suggest that AQCE is a valid and reliable questionnaire, showing that an automated home-based electronic questionnaire may enable early detection of exacerbations of COPD.

This paper presents the results on analysing different quantitative aspects of the language of the three Quixotes, the two written by Cervantes and the one written by Avellaneda. First of all, each piece of text was assigned to a character or the narrator. Then, we have analyzed the different registers of the books. The styles of different narrators and characters were compared using automatic classifiers.

Electronic texts from emails, social networks or mobile phones are currently of interest in Forensic Linguistics. Many of these texts analyzed are well under 200 words long. This work aims at identifying text authorship by using part-of-speech tags over short texts. Our corpus consists of 28 texts taken from forum messages. The tokens of our corpora were annotated with parts of speech (POS) provided by TreeTagger. A frequency vector based POS features was created and the Euclidean distance among texts was calculated. Results show how 10 out of the 14 (71, 4%) test texts were correctly assigned to their author. 

La investigación de los neologismos puede contribuir a la actualización de las entradas de los elementos de formación de palabras de los diccionarios generales, aunque previamente se ha de proceder a clarificar los conceptos de “neología” y “neologismo”, para que puedan aplicarse a las innovaciones del nivel morfológico, y a delimitar terminológica y conceptualmente las unidades de este nivel que intervienen en la formación de palabras. En este artículo, se propone una metodología para la investigación; se presentan los recursos lingüísticos disponibles para la obtención de diferentes corpus de creaciones neológicas, y se reivindica la utilidad del análisis contrastivo para elaborar las propuestas de renovación de los compendios lexicográficos, que se atenderán según sean las características generales y las finalidades del diccionario. Los resultados de la investigación pueden también ser útiles para la actualización de las informaciones sobre elementos de formación de palabras de gramáticas y estudios monográficos específicos.

Research on neologisms can be of assistance in updating the entries of the elements of word formation in general dictionaries, although it is necessary first to clarify the concepts of “neology” and “neologism”, in order to apply them to morphological innovations, and to demarcate, both terminologically and conceptually, the morphological units which intervene in word formation. In this article, a research methodology is proposed; we present the linguistic resources available for use in obtaining different corpora of neologistic creations and we defend the validity of contrastive analysis to formulate proposals for the renovation of lexicographical compendia, which will be dealt with according to their general characteristics and the purpose of the dictionary. The results of the research can also be of use to update information regarding the elements of word formation in grammars as well as in specific monographic studies.

The aim of this paper is to analyse metonymies from a relevance-theoretic perspective. Metonymy has been considered as an association process between contiguous items within the same cognitive domain or as involving a meaning transfer between properties. These approaches, however, prove inadequate in offering a complete account. I will argue that metonymies are used as reference tools to refer to individuals or objects lying outside their linguistically-specified denotation. I will outline how the intended referent might be identified by the property the speaker singles out for the hearer to focus on. Finally, different metonymic uses in communication will be analysed. 

Despite the enormous usefulness of variationist studies on a lexical plane, until the present day there has been little research in comparison with the attention paid by sociolinguistics to other levels of linguistic analysis such as phonetic-phonological analysis. This is due, we believe, to the theoretical and methodological problems that may occur at a lexical level. In this paper we present the results of research carried out on fifty lexical variants in Spanish. The results obtained show, on one hand, the possibility and necessity of designing tests which may help us to study the relationship between sociocultural factors and lexical elements and, on the other, the influence of the factor which we have called the degree of formality (based on the existence of different texts and communicative situations on a scale going from the most formal to the most spontaneous) in the choice of lexicon.

En el presente trabajo se pretende llevar a cabo una aproximación a los conceptos teóricos de la política y planificación lingüísticas en relación con ejemplos concretos de medidas en diversos ámbitos que no pueden adscribirse fácilmente a los procesos y mecanismos previstos en los modelos existentes y comúnmente aceptados en este campo de investigación, lo que conlleva, en nuestra opinión, la necesidad de reformular algunos de esos conceptos y de dotar así de más flexibilidad y posibilidades de aplicación a dichos modelos. Para ello, presentamos y discutimos ejemplos relativos, entre otros, a medidas para favorecer el uso no discriminatorio del lenguaje, en general, y del uso no sexista, en particular, con el fin de argumentar sobre qué posibilidades ofrecen los esquemas teóricos para explicarlos y para contribuir a la formulación, en su caso, de hipótesis alternativas sobre los mismos o de términos que describan con más exactitud la situación real.

The following paper is intended to display an approach to theoretical concepts regarding the field of language policy and planning, by presenting a series of examples of policies in different ambits which cannot be easily related to those processes and theoretical devices fostered by the existing and generally accepted theoretical models. For that reason, it is our opinion that there is a need to redefine some of those concepts, to provide more flexibility and applications to such models. In order to achieve our goals, we present and discuss, among others, examples regarding discriminatory use of language and, particularly, sexist use of language, so that conclusions can be set forth about how could the theoretical schemes explain them, and therefore contribute to the statement of alternative hypothesis or to the addition of terms that could describe the real situation more appropriately.

In this work we present a detailed analysis of the character profile in the three Quijotes by Cervantes and Avellaneda. Several properties of the languages and sub-languages are explored.

This paper presents the results on analysing different quantitative aspects of the language of the three Quixotes, the two written by Cervantes and the one written by Avellaneda. First of all, each piece of text was assigned to a character or the narrator. Then, we have analyzed the different registers of the books. The styles of different narrators and characters were compared using automatic classifiers.

Electronic texts from emails, social networks or mobile phones are currently of interest in Forensic Linguistics. Many of these texts analyzed are well under 200 words long. This work aims at identifying text authorship by using part-of-speech tags over short texts. Our corpus consists of 28 texts taken from forum messages. The tokens of our corpora were annotated with parts of speech (POS) provided by TreeTagger. A frequency vector based POS features was created and the Euclidean distance among texts was calculated. Results show how 10 out of the 14 (71, 4%) test texts were correctly assigned to their author. 

Este artículo pretende explorar los límites lingüísticos, culturales y sociales del lenguaje tabú en la traducción audiovisual en sus diversas modalidades, analizando la transferencia del lenguaje tabú entre el inglés y el español en diversas producciones audiovisuales. Se pretende así determinar qué criterios y estrategias se siguen en la traducción de estos elementos, y el modo y nivel en que ciertos elementos tabú traspasan las barreras interlingüística e intercultural. En primer lugar, se categorizará el lenguaje tabú en cinco categorías (sexo, escatología, religión, familia y denominaciones despectivas) y, en segundo lugar, en función del grado de eufemización de dichos términos tabú (ilustrándolo con ejemplos de un estudio comparativo realizado sobre la película Pulp Fiction (1994) en sus versiones dobladas al español peninsular y al español latino). Dicha categorización servirá para identificar las posibles convergencias (de haberlas) entre inglés y español en cuanto a marcos de referencia, y si dichos marcos de referencia funcionan del mismo modo en distintas culturas dentro de un mismo idioma.

This paper aims to cast light into the linguistic, cultural, and social limits of taboo language in the different audiovisual translation modes by analysing the transfer of taboo language from English into Spanish on various audiovisual productions. We wish to establish what criteria and strategies are used when translating these elements, as well as to discover the manner and the degree in which certain taboo elements successfully cross the interlinguistic and intercultural barriers. Firstly, taboo language elements are divided into five categories (sex, scatology, religion, family, and derogatory names). Secondly, these elements are grouped in accordance to their degree of euphemization (using examples from the film Pulp Fiction (1994) in its dubbed versions to both peninsular and Latin American Spanish. This categorization will help identify potential convergences, if any, between English and Spanish in terms of reference frameworks, and to determine whether such frameworks function in the same way in different cultures within the same given language.

While audiovisual translation (AVT) has flourished in recent years, both in technological and academic circles, to date the focus has mainly been on the use, analysis, development and translation of commercial products, namely films, television series, documentaries, video games and, to a lesser extent, advertising and promotional material. Official institutions and non-profit organizations have also realized the need to use multimedia and audiovisual technologies as an effective public relations and image-building tool. This is at a time of international crisis and economic downturn (which is said to have started around 2008) when social, economic, environmental and human affairs have generated interest worldwide.

Este trabajo se enmarca dentro de un proyecto terminográfico plurilingüe sobre la marroquinería. En él presentamos las directrices seguidas y las dificultades encontradas para la configuración de una parte del corpus de vaciado extraída de fuentes orales. La escasez de fuentes documentales escritas en determinadas subáreas del árbol temático de la marroquinería dificultaba, en gran medida, la realización de un trabajo sistemático. En consecuencia, quedaba subsanar estos problemas metodológicos que nos planteaba la falta de un corpus escrito que fuera representativo de todos los campos temáticos. Esto fue solventado con la elaboración de un corpus oral.

This work is part of a multilingual terminographic project in the lexical field of leather goods. We present the guidelines we followed and the difficulties we met in setting up bases of the corpus extracted from oral sources. The scarcity of written documentary sources in certain sub-themes of the lexical field of leather goods considerably complicated carrying out the systematic work. Consequently, it was necessary to solve the methodological problems caused by the absence of a written corpus which would be representative for all thematic areas. This was settled by the development of an oral corpus.

Proyecto Motriz de la Junta de Andalucía (convocatoria 2010), “Comunicación integral y planificación lingüística como estrategia para el desarrollo del sector de la Piel en Andalucía” dirigido por el Prof. Dr. Miguel Casas Gómez. Con este estudio pretendemos acercarnos al tratamiento del léxico específico del lenguaje de la marroquinería en distintas obras lexicográficas de carácter general, con el fin de demostrar, mediante datos empíricos, la ausencia de sistematicidad en el tratamiento de la terminología en estas obras. Para ello, se han consultado el Diccionario de la Lengua Española (DRAE, 22ª ed.) en su versión electrónica, el Diccionario de Uso del Español de Mª Moliner (DUE) y el Diccionario del Español Actual (DEA), dirigido por M. Seco (1999/2008).

This work is part of Project of Andalusia Government (2010) “Integral communication and language planning as a strategy for development of the leather sector in Andalusia” headed by Prof. Dr. Miguel Casas Gómez. With this study we intend to approach to the treatment of the specific lexicon of the leather manufacture in different general dictionaries. We try to empirically prove the lack of systematicity in the treatment of terminology in these works through statistical analysis, using SPSS.To do so, we have consulted “Diccionario de la Lengua Española” (DRAE, 22ª ed.) on internet edition, “Diccionario de Uso del Español de Mª Moliner” (DUE) and “Diccionario del Espa- ñol Actual” (DEA) managed by M. Seco (1999/2008).

The Spanish reception of Stéphane Mallarmé’s works revolves around four key-moments characterized by a certain critical success and the circulation of translations in Spanish. Between 1940 and 1960, Mallarmé’s poetry appeared in the Anthology Poesía Francesa edited by the Colombian poet Andrés Holguín (1954). What is interesting in this anthology is that it presents a permanent articulation between the translated poems and introductory notes about each poet. Accordingly, it develops two levels of critical reception and (re)presentation of French poetry. First of all, this article analyses the socio-cultural environment in which the anthology was published: the cultural atmosphere, the situation of literary publishing, some circumstances surrounding the elaboration of the anthology, reflections about translation during this period, etc. Second, the article seeks to shed light on Andrés Holguín’s identity and his objectives as well as the specifics of the Anthology. Finally, the article tackles Mallarmé’s “dissolved” presence in the collection, Holguín’s critical commentaries and the most important features of the textual transfer of the three translated poems.

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory situated on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula at the western entrance to the Mediterranean with the northern coast of Africa lying just 30km across the Strait of Gibraltar. It measures just 6.8 km2 and is one of the most densely populated areas in Europe (4.9 people per km2). It has very few natural resources and its economy is based mainly on tourism, shipping and financial services. Most of the population lives in the small town area in the shadow of the famous Rock, or el Peñón as it is known in Spanish, which soars magnificently to a height of some 426 metres. This Rock together with Jebel Musa, the mountain on the Moroccan coast opposite, are said to have formed the mythological Pillars of Hercules which, legend has it, were forced apart to form the African and European continents. The British have been in Gibraltar for more than three centuries although the question of sovereignty remains contentious, and Spain has sought its return ever since it was ceded to Britain by the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Gibraltar and its people, for their part, have always rejected any suggestion that they are Spanish and have resisted all attempts by Spain to reclaim the Rock, vehemently defending their right to self-determination. This has been shown in the two referendums which have been held on the matter. In 1967, 99.6 per cent voted against the proposal of Spanish sovereignty and thirty-five years later, in 2002, 98.5 per cent of Gibraltarians voted against the option of joint sovereignty. Gibraltarians have traditionally felt strongly British and manifestations of this sentiment are clearly visible on the Rock in the form of Union Jacks, pictures of the Queen and pro-British slogans. In recent years, however, particularly when the local population has felt let down or abandoned by the UK government, a stronger sense of Gibraltarian nationalism has emerged.

El yanito (o llanito) es una variante lingüística hablada únicamente en Gibraltar, un territorio británico situado en la Península Ibérica. En este artículo intentamos, en primer lugar, denir y explicar qué signica realmente hablar yanito, para posteriormente analizar su estatus y relación, tanto presente como pasado, con otras lenguas y variantes lingüísticas. Pretendemos, de esta manera, aclarar ciertas ideas y conceptos erróneos sobre el habla de Gibraltar, examinar cómo ha cambiado y se ha desarrollado recientemente, para nalmente considerar cuestiones relacionadas con su validez, estabilidad y futuro.

Yanito (or Llanito) is a language variant spoken exclusively in Gibraltar, a British territory on the Iberian Peninsula. In this chapter we first attempt to define and explain what speaking Yanito actually means and consists of, before going on to examine its state and status as well as its relationship, both past and present, to other languages and language variants. In so doing, we aim to clarify certain misconceptions about Yanito and its present usage, and to analyze how it has changed and developed in recent years before going on to consider questions of its validity, stability and its future.

This article explores the representation of identity in Lauren Beukes’s dystopian novel, Moxyland (2008). We follow the work of various critics and argue that the text presents identity as fractured, riven and characterized by sharp edges. The edges in question refer to the boundaries of personal, corporeal, national and corporate identity. These edges may be considered symptomatic of the individual and social demands placed on subjectivities in a post-transitional society, with the result that they are robbed of agency. Each character inhabits a different form of ontological liminality, partaking of multiple forms of subjectivity at the same time. Finally, the novel portrays a dangerous excess in post-apartheid South African identities, which leads some characters to fatal confusion between real and virtual subjectivities and opens them to manipulation by sinister social forces.

We present a subset of findings from a European-wide, on-line survey of English pronunciation teaching practices (EPTiES). Quantitative and qualitative data from seven countries (Finland, France, Germany, Macedonia, Poland, Spain and Switzerland) are presented, focusing on teachers’ comments about the training they received to teach English pronunciation, about what they do inside the classroom and about what happens outside the classroom in terms of students’ exposure to English. The results of EPTiES and of follow-up interviews reveal interesting phenomena across Europe. Most of the teacher-respondents were non-native speakers of English and felt they had little or no training in how to teach pronunciation, which raises the question of how teachers are coping with this key aspect of language teaching. Differences between countries are explored, especially via replies to open-ended questions and relevant contextual factors (e.g. language policy) allowing a more nuanced picture to emerge for each country. Suggestions are made for improving teacher training and for further research.

Ce volume est une invitation à réfléchir aux marges du discours pour chercher à savoir jusqu’où on peut pousser l’étude de la langue sans sortir des sciences du langage. Où, quand et comment le discours cesse-t-il d’être un fait langagier pour devenir autre chose ? Les travaux ici réunis analysent comment les discours se structurent par différenciation des supports (ou l’inverse) et comment les lieux – réels ou virtuels – de production, de réception et de circulation déterminent les formes d’interaction, les contenus des propos et les manières de dire, tout en contribuant avec les coordonnées temporelles à la construction de l’identité et de la mémoire discursives, individuelles et collectives. Le défi a été d’approcher l’objet d’étude (le discours) en l’esquivant, afin de pouvoir l’examiner avec la distance nécessaire, pour mieux considérer ses contours. Car une très large part de la difficulté à cerner le discours tient précisément à la pleine insertion de celui-ci dans son environnement.

¿Y si fuese posible oír el eco de la primera palabra, la que nombra el primer objeto fabricado de la Humanidad? Un viaje iniciático por distintas ciudades de Europa y Estados Unidos conducirá a los dos protagonistas, una niña secuestrada (cuyo nombre en clave es Y) y su tutor, a descifrar un importante mensaje que circula disimulado en los objetos cotidianos, desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Este mensaje permite recontruir una memoria del futuro a partir de un suceso extraordinario que habría ocurrido hace varios miles de años.

Sports, one of the most relevant phenomena nowadays, has an Anglo-American origin, thus, the first sports terms reached the rest of the languages in English, that is, as Anglicisms. This paper aims to identify those words and observe the development they have suffered in the Spanish language spoken on both sides of the Atlantic. Through the analysis of three newspapers edited in Mexico, Argentina and Spain in the mid-20th century, the Anglicisms found will be formally analyzed and the degree of acceptance and admission in two dictionaries The Dictionary of Americanisms, published in 2010 and the Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy, published in 2001 will be determined.

This corpus-based study aims to identify the keywords and collocation strength (Gries, 2013) in different text types across sister specialized subcorpora in the maritime transport field. Within this English for Specific Purposes area, which has been given little attention to from a corpus linguistics approach, the contrastive analysis will be primarily intended to determine the frequency and coverage of register (Leech, 2001) and explore the terms’ distinctiveness in each of the subcorpora under study despite their close ties in a shared semantic maritime field. The designed workplan for this empirical study relies on putting differences into perspective alongside similarities within the framework of cooccurrence frequency count data (Evert, 2005) where keyword extraction and collocation patterns for each separate subcorpus are allocated and mutually compared. Finally, outcomes obtained shall help us determine the text terminological coverage, the collocation strengths or other associative characteristics that can provide us with more reliable results, with a fuller picture of how the selected terms work and with useful insights into salient markers of Maritime English language.

The increasing demand of terminographic support as a language tool in the research projects of international consortia in the scientific-technical area has prompted the need to develop specific glossaries of a given domain or sub-domains that would supply a common unified bilingual or multilingual terminological framework of a specific field of knowledge. Bearing this in mind, the TEMPUS Project entitled ‘Observatoire de Formations en Logistique OFL & de Plateformes d’Excellence en Logistique’ is also focused on creating a terminological data bank that would contribute to facilitate communication and knowledge transfer among the specialists in the maritime transport area in the English and Spanish languages. The main aim of this work is to describe the corpus design and compilation process in logistics and maritime transport that shall be the terminological basis for the LogisTRANS bilingual glossary formalization. Besides this, it shall be outlined the filter preparation tool for terminology extraction which has been especially designed for this work as well as the corpus representativeness measurement method employed.

En el actual contexto de crisis y de recortes en políticas públicas que se vive en España, los medios públicos locales pueden ser considerados como termómetros de la calidad democrática de las localidades en las que se ubica cada uno de estos medios. Los medios públicos locales, también denominados medios del Tercer Sector, se sitúan en un juego de fuerzas que amplia o limita las posibilidades de participación y de deliberación de la ciudadanía. Los resultados preliminares de la investigación recogida en este artículo apuntan en varios sentidos : 1) a un predominio de las fuerzas del mercado a la hora de orientar las políticas y las prácticas comunicativas de los medios públicos locales de Andalucía ; 2) a una infrautilización de los medios públicos locales por parte del poder político local, que no termina de aprovechar las potencialidades de servicio público y de participación ciudadana de estos medios y 3) a un escaso empoderamiento comunicativo de la ciudadanía (Chaparro, 2007), que solamente en un reducido número de las localidades estudiadas está aprovechando estos medios para ejercer cotidianamente sus derechos en el campo comunicacional.

In the current context of crisis and economic cut-backs in public policies in Spain, the local public media can be considered as thermometers of the democratic quality of the localities in which each of these media is located. Local public media, also known as the Third Sector media, are placed in a set of forces that expand or limit the possibilities of participation and deliberation of the citizenry. The preliminary results of the research gathered in this article point to several ways : 1) to a predominance of the forces of the market when it comes to guiding policies and the communicative practices of the local public media of Andalusia ; 2) to an under-utilisation of the local public media by local political power, which fails to take advantage of the potential of public service and citizen participation on these media and 3) to a little communicative citizen empowerment (Chaparro, 2007), that only in a small number of the researched localities is using these means in order to exercise their rights on a daily basis in the communications field.

Desde inicios de siglo hay investigaciones que demuestran la tardía institucionalización de la Comunicación para el Desarrollo y el Cambio Social (CDCS) en España. Este artículo aborda el estudio bibliométrico del campo, analizando las diez principales revistas de Comunicación publicadas entre 2000 y 2012. Las preguntas de investigación que orientan este trabajo son: ¿qué incidencia tiene la CDCS? ¿Hay correspondencia entre el auge del campo y el número de artículos? ¿Qué revistas y autores han publicado? Los resultados apuntan a una presencia marginal en el periodo estudiado, y a un relativo aumento, coincidiendo con la institucionalización del campo en España.

Since the beginning of the century there is research showing late institutionalization of Communication for Development and Social Change (CDSC) in Spain. This article discusses the bibliometric study of the field, analyzing the top ten magazines of Communication (2000-2012) coincided with the institutionalization of the field in Spain. The research questions are: What impact has the CDSC? Is there a correlation between the rise of the field and the number of items? What magazines and authors have published? The results point to a marginal presence in the period studied, and a relative increase, coinciding with the institutionalization of the field in Spain.

La langue berbère au Maghreb médiéval is a new contribution to the historical and linguistic studies in that many materials on the Berber language are the subject of a specific monograph. Several facts of language are connected by an accurate frame and are gathered to highlight textual clues collected from various sources written in Arabic and Berber. The four parts of the book treat contributions of narrative documentation, hagiographical literature and Ibadi texts and the importance of contacts between Berber and African languages through the narrative literature and Islamic epigraphy. This book was conceived as a documentary essay, but also to attract the attention of researchers on the relatively well-documented presence of the Berber language in the texts produced in Arab-Muslim environment from the Middle Ages to Modern era.

La langue berbère au Maghreb médiéval constitue un nouvel apport aux études historiques et linguistiques dans la mesure où de nombreux matériaux sur la langue berbère font l’objet d’une monographie spécifique. Plusieurs faits de langue sont reliés par une trame précise et ils sont réunis afin de mettre en relief les indices textuels puisés dans diverses sources écrites en arabe et en berbère. Dans les quatre parties du livre, il est tour à tour question des apports de la documentation narrative, de la littérature hagiographique et des textes ibadites ainsi que de l’importance des contacts entre le berbère et les langues africaines à travers la littérature narrative et l’épigraphie islamique. Ce livre a été conçu comme un essai documentaire mais également afin d’attirer l’attention des chercheurs sur la présence relativement bien documentée de la langue berbère dans les textes produits en milieu arabo-musulman du Moyen Âge à l’époque moderne.

Our study presents an on-going project on corpus linguistics held at the University of Cadiz (UCA) which tries to identify discourse proficiency of B1, B2 and C1 CEFR levels in the CLEC (CEFR-Labeled English Corpus) with a corpus-based quantitative and qualitative approach. The CLEC is a corpus of CEFR-labeled texts developed using CEFR-labeled teaching materials. The softwares AntConc, TagAnt and USAS have been used to analyze data.

In this paper we describe the CLEC corpus, an ongoing project set up at the University of Cadiz with the purpose of building up a large corpus of English as a 2L classified according to CEFR proficiency levels and formed to train statistical models for automatic proficiency assessment. The goal of this corpus is twofold: on the one hand it will be used as a data resource for the development of automatic text classification systems and, on the other, it has been used as a means of teaching innovation techniques.

Let {a(1), .. , a(p)} be the minimal generating set of a numerical monoid S. For any s. S, its Delta set is defined by Delta(s) = {l(i) – l(i-1) vertical bar i = 2, .. , k} where {l(1) < .. < l(k)} is the set {Sigma(p)(i=1) x(i) vertical bar s = Sigma(p)(i=1) x(i)a(i) and x(i) is an element of N for all i}. The Delta set of a numerical monoid S, denoted by Delta(S), is the union of all the sets Delta(s) with s is an element of S. As proved in Chapman et al. (Aequationes Math. 77(3): 273-279, 2009), there exists a bound N such that Delta(S) is the union of the sets Delta(s) with s is an element of S and s < N. In this work, we obtain a sharpened bound and we present an algorithm for the computation of Delta(S) that requires only the factorizations of a(1) elements.

We give an algorithm to compute the ω-primality of finitely generated atomic monoids. Asymptotic ω-primality is also studied and a formula to obtain it in finitely generated quasi-Archimedean monoids is proven. The formulation is applied to numerical semigroups, obtaining an expression of this invariant in terms of its system of generators.

Este libro ofrece una amplia colección de ejercicios resueltos de Álgebra lineal abarcando los temas básicos que, en esta materia, debe dominar un estudiante universitario de primer curso.

Our study presents an on-going project on corpus linguistics held at the University of Cadiz (UCA) which tries to identify discourse proficiency of B1, B2 and C1 CEFR levels in the CLEC (CEFR-Labeled English Corpus) with a corpus-based quantitative and qualitative approach. The CLEC is a corpus of CEFR-labeled texts developed using CEFR-labeled teaching materials. The softwares AntConc, TagAnt and USAS have been used to analyze data.

In this paper we describe the CLEC corpus, an ongoing project set up at the University of Cadiz with the purpose of building up a large corpus of English as a 2L classified according to CEFR proficiency levels and formed to train statistical models for automatic proficiency assessment. The goal of this corpus is twofold: on the one hand it will be used as a data resource for the development of automatic text classification systems and, on the other, it has been used as a means of teaching innovation techniques.

Antecedentes: Pocos estudios han considerado la relación entre lenguaje y enfermedad de parkinson, a pesar de que el desarrollo de la enfermedad afecta enormemente a su capacidad del habla. Objetivos: Este estudio demuestra la relación entre el lenguaje y la enfermedad de parkinson basándose en las principales alteraciones lingüísticas que estos pacientes experimentan. Método: Para ello hemos partido de una muestra de 50 casos clínicos, en los que se han sometido a estudio todas las alteraciones lingüísticas que presentaban los enfermos relacionándolas con variables sociolingüísticas y con variables médicas. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos se han cuantificado atendiendo a la frecuencia en gráficos estadísticos que arrojan interesantes conclusiones. Palabras claves: lenguaje, habla, parkinson, trastorno del lenguaje.

Background: Few studies have considered the relationship between language and Parkinson’s disease, although the cognitive decline experienced by these patients affects their capacity for language. Objective: This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between language and Parkinson’s disease based on the main speech disorders among patients affected by this disease. Method: We used a sample of 50 clinical cases, studying all the linguistic impairments presented by the patients, and relating them to sociolinguistic and medical variables. Results: The results were quantified considering the frequency in statistical graphs, which present interesting conclusions. Keywords: language, speech, Parkinson’s disease, language disorder.

En este artículo se reflexiona, en primer lugar, sobre la frecuencia de las locuciones en relación con los límites que los investigadores establecen para el periodo de tiempo calificado como actual. En segundo lugar, se muestra cómo, aun limitándose a un corpus determinado, la situación de los estudios en fraseología, a día de hoy, vuelve extremadamente compleja la tarea de indicar la frecuencia absoluta de una locución concreta respecto a un conjunto de locuciones o la relativa en función de la distribución de las locuciones en clases o en relación con las unidades léxicas simples con las que la locución se vincula. En tercer lugar, el análisis de un amplio conjunto de locuciones ya llevado a cabo ha mostrado que, en la frecuencia de uso de una locución, influye su pertenencia a un determinado estado de lengua, la existencia de variantes no marcadas de la locución en cuestión y la posibilidad de que se dé una combinación de palabras homónima de la locución, pero de naturaleza no fraseológica. Los tres puntos mencionados se examinan para establecer sus implicaciones en la redacción de un diccionario de locuciones idiomáticas del español.

In the first place, this article is a reflexion on the frequency of idioms in relation to the limits established by researchers for the period of time which can be defined as the present. Secondly, we have shown how, despite having restricted the study to a specific corpus, the situation of phraseology studies today makes it extremely difficult to indicate the absolute frequency of a certain idiom with regard to a set of idioms or its relative frequency according to the distribution of idioms in classes or in relation to the simple lexical units with which the idiom is linked. Thirdly, the previous analysis of a broad set of idioms has shown that the frequency of use of an idiom is influenced by its belonging to a certain period of the language and also by the existence of unmarked variants of the idiom in question and the possible existence of a group of words that is homonymous with the idiom but not phraseological. The three points mentioned have been examined in order to establish their implication in the compilation of a dictionary of Spanish idiomatic expressions.

En este trabajo se examina, brevemente, la situación actual de la enseñanza de la fraseología en español lengua extranjera (ELE). Después de indicar los problemas que manuales y materiales didácticos complementarios presentan al abordar este aspecto de la enseñanza de la L2 y de referirse a la disparidad de procedimientos existentes en la actualidad, se propone un método de enseñanza de las locuciones vinculado a los contenidos que ofrecen los manuales de ELE : funciones comunicativas, contenidos gramaticales, contenidos léxicos y contenidos culturales. La metodología se ejemplifica con locuciones nominales, adjetivas, verbales y adverbiales adecuadas para el nivel B2 de enseñanza-aprendizaje, frente al proceder habitual de escoger unidades fraseológicas que por su forma y su significado resultan curiosas, pintorescas e incluso chistosas, pero, a la vez, no satisfacen las necesidades de los aprendices de un determinado nivel, por no ser utilizadas por los hablantes nativos o serlo con un bajo grado de frecuencia.

This paper briefly examines the present situation of the teaching of phraseology in Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL). After mentioning the difficulties encountered in textbooks and other teaching materials to tackle this issue in L2 teaching, and mentioning the disparity of methods existent nowadays, a new method to teach idioms is proposed. This methodology suggests linking idioms to contents offered in SFL textbooks: communicative functions, grammatical contents, lexical contents and cultural contents. The method is illustrated with nominal, adjectival, verbal and adverbial idioms, all of them adequate for the B2 level European Framework. The more traditional methodology of teaching phraseological units according to their form or because they are considered curious, picturesque or even funny does not satisfy the learners’ needs at a given level, since these units are not even (frequently) used by Spanish native speakers.

En investigaciones recientes sobre las colocaciones del tipo verbo más adverbio, se está comprobando la veracidad de la hipótesis que sostiene que los verbos y los adverbios de manera comparten rasgos semánticos que clasifican los verbos en paradigmas semánticos. El artículo muestra que igual ocurre en colocaciones complejas de verbo más locución adverbial: “preguntar a bocajarro”. Si las locuciones adverbiales de manera determinan el establecimiento de paradigmas semánticos de verbos, las características de binarismo y arbitrariedad, presentes en algunas definiciones de colocación, no sirven para diferenciar esta unidad lingüística, que, por otra parte, tampoco pertenece a la norma. A las implicaciones teóricas anteriores se añaden otras aplicadas, relativas a la elaboración de diccionarios de colocaciones y a su enseñanza-aprendizaje en ELE, cuestión esta última de especial interés en unas unidades percibidas como específicas de una lengua e inmotivadas.

In recent research on verb + adverb collocations, the hypothesis maintaining that verbs and adverbs of manner share semantic characteristics that classify verbs in semantic paradigms is proving to be true. This article shows that the same occurs in complex collocations composed of a verb and an adverbial idiom: “preguntar a bocajarro” (ask point-blank). If adverbial idioms of manner determine the establishment of semantic paradigms of verbs, the characteristics of binarism and arbitrarity, which are present in some definitions of collocation, are not of use in distinguishing this linguistic unit, which, furthermore, does not meet the norm. To the existing theoretical implications we can add other applied ones, relative to the compilation of dictionaries of collocations and their teaching and learning in SFL, which is of particular interest in units considered to be specific to one language and unmotivated.

En este trabajo se ha limitado el análisis a la clase de las locuciones y, dentro de ellas, a la de las locuciones verbales, pues su equivalencia con los verbos, unidad lingüística en torno a la que se constituye una oración, las hace especialmente interesantes para estudiar la incidencia de su uso en la lengua oral y espontánea. Los objetivos de la investigación que aquí se expone son determinar cuáles son las locuciones verbales que aparecen en las entrevistas obtenidas en el distrito de Salamanca; cuántas locuciones se registran en total y cuántas ocurrencias hay de cada una de ellas; cuál es su naturaleza en relación con el rasgo de la idiomaticidad; cómo se presenta en ellas la variación no marcada y la marcada; y hasta qué punto su uso se vincula a los factores de sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción. El cumplimiento de tales objetivos permitirá, por una parte, comprobar si la utilización de las locuciones verbales caracteriza las conversaciones, y de rechazo el registro coloquial, y, por otra, saber si el habla de Madrid presenta particularidades específicas en el uso de estas unidades fraseológicas.

La obra está dirigida, principalmente, a los especialistas interesados en el tratamiento de las locuciones en los diccionarios y a los autores de obras lexicográficas que recojan esta clase de unidades fraseológicas. Estructurada en tres capítulos, la monografía se presenta como un recorrido que, partiendo de la necesidad de formarse en fraseología, lexicografía y fraseografía, conduce a un potencial redactor de un diccionario de locuciones a todos aquellos puntos que, ineludiblemente, deben abordarse para un tratamiento lexicográfico de estos fraseologismos adecuado a su uso por parte de los hablantes. De este modo, a partir del examen de algo más de 1150 locuciones nominales, adjetivas, verbales y adverbiales en distintos diccionarios de unidades fraseológicas y apoyándose en poco más de 330 ejemplos, se ofrece una propuesta para su tratamiento lexicográfico, meditada a lo largo de muchos años, apoyada siempre en los logros de la lingüística teórica y deudora del tratamiento de las unidades léxicas en los diccionarios.

Resumen de las conferencias pronunciadas durante estas Jornadas. Todas estas conferencias trataron cuestiones relativas al léxico. La conferencia inaugural de E. Miguel consistió en un panorama general de la Lexicología. Las disertaciones de F. Paredes y M. L. Regueiro se fijaron en la enseñanza del léxico en ELE. Por su parte, J. García Sánchez se centró en la Etimología; J. Gómez de Enterría, en los neologismos en los vocabularios de especialidad; y M. Casas, en las relaciones semánticas.

Summary of the speeches given in this conference. All these speeches dealt with the issues related to the lexicon. The opening speech of E. Miguel consisted of an overview of the Lexicology. The dissertations of F. Paredes and M. L. Regueiro focused on the teaching of the lexicon on ELE. Respectively, J. García Sánchez centered his speech on the Etymology, J. Gómez de Enterría on the neologisms in the vocabulary of specialty and M. Casas on the semantic relationships.

El prólogo del De rerum natura de Lucrecio (1.1-148) parece ser un tema gastado: ha sido tratado decenas de veces tanto por su excelente calidad como por los problemas que plantea. Pero esperamos poder dar un nuevo sentido y solución a ambos aspectos. En primer lugar, el himno a Venus no es una mera convención, sino que respira sentimiento religioso; Venus no personifica a la naturaleza, sino al placer y la felicidad y ni la hegemonía que se dice ejerce Venus, ni las plegarias que contiene el himno contradicen la teología epicúrea. Todavía más, nos parece que el himno constituye una auténtica epifanía religiosa muy propia de la teología epicúrea. En segundo lugar, suponiendo que el autor ha tomado como tema compartido los schemata o grados de dificultad de la intellectio retórica en el texto de 1.50-148, se intentan solucionar las dificultades de coherencia del texto.

The preface of Lucretius´ De rerum natura (1.1-148) seems to be a worn out theme that has been treated dozens of times as much for its excellent quality and for the problems it raises. We hope to give a new meaning and solution to both. First, the hymn to Venus is not a mere convention, but breathes religious sentiment; Venus personifies not nature, but the pleasure and happiness and neither Venus exerts hegemony nor the prayers contradict the Epicurean theology. Even more, it seems that the hymnus is a religious epiphany very appropriate to the Epicurean theology. Second, we try to solve the textual difficulties of this episode. The key for this is the shared theme of the theory of the schemata.

En este trabajo se estudian nuevas inscripciones de la necrópolis romana de Cádiz, procedentes de las excavaciones en las calles María Soledad y General Ricardos.

In this work are studied new latin inscriptions of the Roman necropolis of Cadiz, from the excavations in the streets María Soledad and General Ricardos.

Psychoneurological and psycholinguistic research provides an interesting way to approach lexical meaning, which can undertake some of the main limitations of the current models that usually have dealt with it. Pure anomia, category specific deficits and semantic dementia share as a common link a semantic impairment at the lexical level. In this paper we examine some evidence from these impairments which not only contributes to our understanding of lexical processing but also leads us to a new interpretation of lexical content in the framework of the theory of meaning.

Our study presents an on-going project on corpus linguistics held at the University of Cadiz (UCA) which tries to identify discourse proficiency of B1, B2 and C1 CEFR levels in the CLEC (CEFR-Labeled English Corpus) with a corpus-based quantitative and qualitative approach. The CLEC is a corpus of CEFR-labeled texts developed using CEFR-labeled teaching materials. The softwares AntConc, TagAnt and USAS have been used to analyze data.

In this paper we describe the CLEC corpus, an ongoing project set up at the University of Cadiz with the purpose of building up a large corpus of English as a 2L classified according to CEFR proficiency levels and formed to train statistical models for automatic proficiency assessment. The goal of this corpus is twofold: on the one hand it will be used as a data resource for the development of automatic text classification systems and, on the other, it has been used as a means of teaching innovation techniques.

Diez años después de la aprobación del Plan de Fomento del Plurilingüismo en Andalucía, hoy por hoy son más de 1150 los centros educativos públicos de primaria y secundaria que ofertan enseñanza bilingüe o plurilingüe en nuestra comunidad. La llegada de estos alumnos a la Educación Superior empieza a no ser anecdótica, con lo que también se nos entrega a las universidades el testigo de la responsabilidad de redondear esta formación innovadora. ¿Estarnos preparados para ello? Los obstáculos son múltiples y variados, y van desde la falta de convicción de las autoridades académicas hasta la falta de disposición de muchos docentes, ya fuera por la sobrecarga de trabajo que padecen, por sus inconfesables deficiencias idiomáticas o por la falta de preparación metodológica. Y entre uno y otro extremo de la cadena de decisiones, habrá que resolver los innumerables escollos que empezamos a vislumbrar: los niveles, la homogeneidad, el número de alumnos, los espacios, los recursos materiales, el tiempo de dedicación. A pesar de ello, en todas las universidades se dan ya pasos para la implantación de una oferta bilingüe sólida y comprometida.

This document analyses both academic and personal profiles of participants in the Plurilingual Project at the Faculty of Education of the University of Cádiz (Spain) along three years. Content teachers report on their attitude towards linguistic updating processes and methodological changes required by the project. Also students inform on their expectations and frustrations about plurilingual learning at university.